Protegendo o direito humano à saúde na emergencia climática: A obrigação dos Estados de se adaptarem às mudanças climáticas a fim de garantir o direito humano à saúde de seus residentes. Observações sobre a "Solicitação de Opinião Consultiva sobre Emergência Climática e Direitos Humanos à Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos da República da Colômbia e da República do Chile" (Opinião Consultiva OC-1-2023).
Palavras-chave:
direitos humanos, saúde, mudanças climáticas.Sinopse
A emergência climática tem impacto sobre o direito humano à saúde, e os Estados e a comunidade internacional devem tomar medidas urgentes e conjuntas para resolver essa questão. Este relatório tem como objetivo fornecer ferramentas de uma abordagem de saúde climática para abordar algumas das questões sobre as obrigações dos Estados incluídas no Parecer Consultivo sobre Emergência Climática e Direitos Humanos apresentado pela Colômbia e pelo Chile à Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos. Nesse contexto, a adaptação dos sistemas de saúde surge como uma prioridade para enfrentar os desafios da emergência climática, especialmente para grupos vulneráveis, como mulheres, crianças, idosos, pessoas com deficiência e povos indígenas. Os facilitadores para uma transição justa para uma sociedade resiliente ao clima são descritos, incluindo várias formas de justiça (reconhecimento, processual, distributiva, intergeracional e epistêmica). Assim como o dever dos Estados de investigar e priorizar a pesquisa como garantia do direito à saúde. Aborda a lacuna epistêmica no acesso ao conhecimento científico e enfatiza a importância da justiça epistêmica na superação das desigualdades no acesso e uso do conhecimento.
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